Consider the continued expansion of technical terminology in everyday usage. Because the exact words to express an idea are spontaneous, the lecture is more personalized than one that is read or spoken from memory, Since the instructor talks directly to the students, their reactions can be readily observed, and adjustments can be made based on their responses. In addition, FAA inspectors and designated examiners have found that student applicants often exhibit a lack of knowledge during oral questioning, even though many have easily passed the FAA knowledge test. This handbook is a compilation of that research and is designed to help aviation instructors become experts in the field of education, Effective instructors have a sincere interest in learning and professional growth. The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. When using CAL, the instructor should remain actively involved with the students by using close supervision, questions, examinations, quizzes, or guided discussions on the subject matter to constantly assess student progress, Simulation (the appearance of real life), role-playing (playing a specific role in the context of a real world situation), and video gaming have taken e-learning in new directions. Through discussion, the students develop an understanding of the subject by sharing knowledge, experiences, and backgrounds. Instead, instructors become supportive facilitators. Phrases like "able to select from a list of " or "able to repeat the steps to " are better because they describe something that can be measured. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. Communication, discussed in Chapter 3, Effective Communication, underlies people skills. While test preparation materials may be effective in preparing students for FAA tests, the danger is that students may learn to pass a given test, but fail to learn other critical information essential to safe piloting and maintenance practices. The instructor should consider that the student may neither believe nor understand any point without the use of testimony from SMEs or without meaningful examples, statistics, or comparisons. Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. They should be considered as a supplement to instructor-led training, Electronic communications, including use of computer databases, voice mail, e-mail, Internet, World Wide Web, and satellite-based, wireless communications, are routine and this explosion of information access affects aviation training. However, once they are learned, they are integrated into more realistic and dynamic flight situations, Decision-based objectives are also important for the aviation instructor planning AMT training. One way to increase retention during a lecture is to use the discussion method of training delivery, The discussion method modifies the pure lecture form by using lecture and then discussion to actively integrate the student into the learning process. The instructors assessment may be informal and recorded only for the instructors own use in planning the next lesson for the students, or it may be formal. Flight Instructor Responsibilities. How will this installation affect the weight and balance of the aircraft? High-quality, commercially produced CDs and DVDs are available for almost every aviation training subject. He or she maintains currency in the subject matter being taught, as well as how to teach it by reading professional journals and other aviation publications, many of which can be viewed or purchased via the Internet, another source of valuable aviation information for professional instructors, As students advance, consider having them teach a topic to the instructor, to demonstrate their understanding and force them to dig deep into the details. The pilot called "mayday" and during the forced landing the airplane collided with trees and the ground separating the right wing, half of the left wing, and coming to rest inverted. The plan should include all key points that need to be covered. how should you adjust the height of your monitor; emily thorne revenge net worth; final fantasy tactics all classes; bupa operations manager The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. For example, basic map reading is a perishable skill that should be practiced often. Whenever possible, the various parts should be labeled or colored to clarify relationships, Production and equipment costs are limiting factors to consider in developing and using models, mock-ups, and cutaways. They also tend to watch movies or TV in a passive way without attempting to absorb what they are seeing and hearing. In brief, the introduction is made up of three elements: attention, motivation, and an overview of what is to be covered, The purpose of the attention element is to focus each students attention on the lesson. The body of the lecture follows with a summary of the lectures main points at the end, The teaching lecture is favored by aviation instructors because it allows some active participation by the students. If the lecture has been carefully prepared, and the instructor is completely familiar with the outline, there should be no real difficulty, Notes used wisely can ensure accuracy, jog the memory, and dispel the fear of forgetting. Terms such as "knowledge of " and "awareness of " cannot be measured very well, and words like this should be avoided. In this way, the students are encouraged to make contributions that supplement the lecture. These slide shows can be only bulleted information or incorporate animation and video clips. This is a useful technique for displaying dial indications or fitting several parts of a component together so relative motion can be simulated, With any projection equipment, instructors should ensure the projector does not obstruct the students line of sight. Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment. Teaching methods or training delivery methods are discussed, as well as the use of instructional aids, In education, a course of training is a complete series of studies leading to attainment of a specific goal. The selection of a graph for use in any given situation depends upon the type of information the instructor wants to convey, Charts, diagrams, and graphs can be used effectively to show relationships, chronological changes, distributions, components, and flow. The goal might be a certificate of completion, graduation, or an academic degree. For example, if the instructor realizes from puzzled expressions that a number of students fail to grasp an idea, that point can be further elaborated until the reactions of the students indicate they understand. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. In contrast, training media are generally described as any physical means that communicates an instructional message to students. If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. The instructor speaks from a mental or written outline, but does not read or memorize the material to be presented. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate In most instructional situations, the instructors explanation and demonstration activities are alternated with student performance efforts. Care must be taken to display only a small amount of material and to make the material as simple but meaningful as possible, Numerous other useful print items may be considered as supplemental training aids. Only after reasonable competence has been demonstrated should the student be allowed to practice certain maneuvers on solo flights. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. If it is confusing to one person, it will be confusing to others and should be corrected, Criteria are the standards that measure the accomplishment of the objective. The examiner for the Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) is required to ask four questions in each of the subject areas, which are required by the regulations to be taught. Drawing on previously discussed theoretical knowledge, this chapter discusses specific recommendations on how to use this information to teach aviation students, Teaching is to instruct or train someone, or the profession of someone who teaches. instead of "Would you expect an aircraft to require a longer takeoff run at Denver or at New Orleans?" Those maneuvers requiring repetition may still be taught during concentrated settings. Consequently, CDs and DVDs have replaced many of the projection-type instructional aids, For instructors, the convenience of CDs and DVDs is certainly an advantage. An effective aviation instructor uses the maneuver-based approach of the PTS but presents the objectives in a scenario situation, It has been found that flight students using SBT methods demonstrate stick-and-rudder skills equal to or better than students trained under the maneuver-based approach only. This training method employs instructor-guided discussion with the instructor maintaining control of the discussion. Major airlines have highlevel flight simulators that are so realistic that transitioning crews meet all qualifications in the flight simulator. When a student is able to perform according to well-defined standards, evidence of learning is apparent. CDs and DVDs and the associated equipment, although more expensive than some of the more basic instructional aid equipment, are fairly economical. As little extraneous activity as possible should be included in the demonstration if students are to clearly understand the instructor is accurately performing the actions previously explained. They also should be meaningful to the student, lead to the desired behavioral or learning objectives, and provide appropriate reinforcement. For instance, scale replicas are often very expensive. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). It can be an enlargement, a reduction, or the same size as the original. The demonstration-performance method is divided into five phases: Explanations must be clear, pertinent to the objectives of the particular lesson to be presented, and based on the known experience and knowledge of the students. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by Effective use of questions may result in more student learning than any other single technique used by instructors. In the previous example, the criteria may include that navigation from point A to point B be accomplished within 5 minutes of the preplanned flight time and that en route altitude be maintained within 200 feet. Numerous studies have attempted to determine how well instructional aids serve this purpose. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. Finally, although the overhead projector is simple to operate and requires little maintenance, it has disadvantages. Confusion, disinterest, and uneasiness on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the. Review and assessment are integral parts of each classroom, and/or flight lesson. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. The instructors tools are teaching methods. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by Consequently, it is more commonly used in lecturing than in guided discussion, The instructor who wants to phrase a question for followup purposes may choose the overhead type. Conditions and criteria should be refined as necessary. June 14, 2022; jeep renegade 4x4 usata francoforte sul meno; astrological predictions for trump 2022 . Distance learning also may be defined as a system and process that connects students with resources for learning. Then, allow students time to practice each step, so they can increase their ability to perform the skill. The main advantages are less time spent on instruction compared to traditional classroom training, and higher levels of mastery and retention, Distance learning, or the use of electronic media to deliver instruction when the instructor and student are separated, is another advantage to e-learning. A major advantage of CDs and DVDs is the capability to store enormous amounts of information. Effective problems: Relate to the real world so students want to solve them, Are open ended and not limited to one correct answer, Are connected to previously learned knowledge as well as new knowledge, Risk management, ADM, automation management, situational awareness, and Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) awareness are the skills encompassed by HOTS. Three types of problem-based instruction are discussed: scenario based, collaborative problem-solving, and case study, SBT uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment. by Time relationships are most suitable when history is an important consideration, as in tracing the development of radio navigation systems, The simple-to-complex pattern helps the instructor lead the student from simple facts or ideas to an understanding of the phenomena or concepts involved. As is the case with the technician, there are times when a less used tool is the exact tool needed for a particular situation. The instructor uses decision-based training objectives to teach aviation students critical thinking skills, such as risk management and aeronautical decision-making (ADM), The desired level of learning should also be incorporated into the objectives, and these level of learning objectives may apply to one or more of the three domains of learningcognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes, beliefs, and values), and psychomotor (physical skills). PDF Flight Instructor Training Module - Federal Aviation Administration After the presentation, the instructor should allow time for questions and a summary of key points, Computer-generated slide shows have changed the way information is presented to todays student. Usually the goal for students is a certificate or rating. Such training can include initial training, transition training, upgrade training, recurrent training, and special training. The human mind rarely retains, evaluates, and applies new concepts or practices after a single exposure. Take The Exams. The following practices are fundamental in the use of the chalk or marker board: Keep chalk, markers, erasers, cleaning cloths, rulers, and related items readily available to avoid interruption of the presentation, Organize and practice the chalk or marker board presentation in advance, Write or draw large enough for everyone in the group to see, Leave a margin around the material and sufficient space between lines of copy so the board is not overcrowded, Make only one point at a time. This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. Although the lecture method is useful in providing information, it is not an effective method of learning large amounts of information in a short time. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and emphasize the main points or concepts, The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both time and capacity. Suspendisse ultrices hendrerit a vitae vel a sodales. Injuries: one serious, one minor, one uninjured", The flight instructor has the student analyze the information and suggest possible reasons for the accident. The description should be in concrete terms that can be measured. research. They are essential for reporting complicated information. Effective use of drill and practice revolves around knowing what skill is being developed. making each lesson a pleasurable experience. Once again, open-ended "what if" problems encourage the students an opportunity to develop HOTS, A case study is a written or oral account of a real world situation that contains a message that educates the student. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. Establish a specific lesson objective with desired learning outcomes. A course of training also may be limited to something like the additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes, Other terms closely associated with a course of training include curriculum, syllabus, and training course outline. In addition to the necessary steps, the instructor should describe the end result of these efforts. This change is measurable and therefore can be assessed, Assessment of learning is a complex process and it is important to be clear about the purposes of the assessment. A postage stamp, typed material, textbook illustrations, or a defective spark plug are representative of the items that may be projected. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO FOI Section 2 Flashcards | Quizlet Upon arrival at the airport the student makes decisions (with guidance and feedback as necessary) to safely enter and fly the traffic pattern, Before the end of the instructional period, the instructor should review what has been covered during the lesson and require the students to demonstrate how well the lesson objectives have been met. Information such as equipment, tools, reference material, and limiting parameters should be included. A good visual aid can help the instructor show the students the path that they are to travel. Consider the opening scenario in which Bob arrived early for the class and ensured the classroom was well lit, the desks in order, and that the room presented a neat overall appearance. Students become more involved in their own learning, and instructors may no longer occupy a center-stage position in a typical classroom setting. Effective Communication & Instructor Responsibilities - CFI Notebook There are three stages of action. For example, a student pilot may enroll in a private pilot certificate course, and upon completion of all course requirements, be awarded a graduation certificate. [Figure 4-19], A more advanced application of computer-based training may involve less instructor control. There are a number of professional development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry conventions, professional organizations, and online classes. In education, the collaborative problem-solving method combines collaboration with problem solving when the instructor provides a problem to a group who then solves it. For example, a laboratorytype environment may be configured with separate study areas for each student. A participant lacking SBT instruction must search his or her memory to link a maneuver to a situation, The incorporation of SBT as part of the lesson is discussed in more detail later in this chapter, as well as in Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, Decision-based objectives are designed specifically to develop pilot judgment and ADM skills. Faulty habits are difficult to correct and must be addressed as soon as possible. The discussions reflect whatever level of knowledge and experience the students have gained, The goal of guided discussions is to draw out what the students know. Students in these centers are often monitored by a teachers aide or other trained personnel who can provide guidance, answer questions, and act as a conduit to the instructor who is responsible for the training. Instructional aids can help them do this. Manage the daily maintenance efforts for 9 P-3C aircraft to meet short and long range flight tasking. azure resource types list FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Applicants for the Flight Instructor Rating shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing Transport Canada multiple choice examinations on the subjects contained in this guide. An experienced instructors knowledge and skill regarding methods of instruction may be compared to a maintenance technicians toolbox. Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. It should be noted that PTS and O&P standards are limited to the most critical job tasks. Moreover, the student should feel a personal responsibility to contribute. The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal." (1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or (3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. PDF Advisory - Federal Aviation Administration [Figure 4-9], The lecture may be conducted in either a formal or an informal manner. An increasingly popular form of teaching, the case study contains a story relative to the student that forces him or her to deal with situations encountered in real life, The instructor presents the case to the students who then analyze it, come to conclusions, and offer possible solutions. Well- designed course outlines are especially useful to students because they list the key points and help students organize note taking during a lecture, Aviation instructors must cover a broad range of aeronautical knowledge and skill training for pilots and AMTs. The PTS also has specific criteria or standards upon which to grade performance; however, the criteria may not always be specific enough for a particular lesson. Lectures can be used to present information that would be difficult for the students to get in other ways, particularly if the students do not have the time required for research, or if they do not have access to reference material. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. It could be a private pilot certificate, an instrument rating, or an AMT certificate or rating. In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." The projection angle should be adjusted to eliminate image distortion. For the effective instructor, these skills are reflected in the ability to plan, organize, and carry out a lesson. First of all, instructors need to begin planning early to determine what the student group is expected to learn and to be able to do on their own. For example, it would be possible for a technicians eyes to easily move back and forth from computer-generated technical data to the actual hardware while diagnosing and correcting a maintenance problem, Trends in training indicate a shift from the typical classroom to more extensive use of a lab-type environment with computer work or study stations. Leadoff questions should usually begin with how or why. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by What Does a Flight Instructor Do? - Zippia If Class D, E, and G airspace are the only airspace types being utilized by a student, save the discussion of A, B, and C airspace until they have operating familiarity with the other types. robot dreams by isaac asimov answers; skycity staff intranet. [Figure 4-11] Planning the guided discussion as well as learning how to ask the type of questions used in guided discussions are assets for any aviation instructor, In 1966, the McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada pioneered a new approach to teaching and curriculum design called problem-based learning (PBL).