Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. There were 3,000 guards at Stutthof concentration camp alone, and only 50 were convicted. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. 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These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. Bus Tours. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. The prisoners were mainly non-Jewish Poles. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. 2023 BBC. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. Conditions in the camp were brutal and prisoners were used as forced laborers. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. The 92-year-old Israeli citizen traveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder at Stutthof from 1944 to. Sign up here. SS-Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann - death by hanging 3. To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . View the list of all donors. Other inmates labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Stutthof Concentration Camp. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, Key and copyright. Stutthof survivor: Entering Nazi camp meant a death sentence Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. She was sentenced to death, alongside Bormann and Grese, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. In another cruel punishment - known as making sport - she ordered prisoners to strip before making them perform strenuous exercise in full view of other prisoners, before being beaten. . The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. The fifth trial was held before the court in Toru in 1949. Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann | Military Wiki | Fandom It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. Execution of SS guards at KZ Dachau, April 29th, 1945 Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. The number of inmates increased considerably in 1944, with Jews forming a significant proportion of the newcomers. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. Germany: Accused Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. Do you know this baby? If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. UN negotiating final terms of High Seas Treaty, Tunisia labor union protests President Saied. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. Concentration camp guard, 93, given suspended sentence in German case - CBC Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Numbers []. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair..