Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? Dropout rates are higher in online courses. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. Microsoft founded - HISTORY The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. Subject. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. Quiz 1. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. Wi-Fi System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. EE3463 Test 1 Written S15.docx - Name_Banner ID_ Page 1 of Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? selecting effective instructional software. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. CHAPTER 1 questions & answers for quizzes and worksheets - Quizizz The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? workstations. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. Linux - Wikipedia The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. They did. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Zojirushi Micom Electric Rice Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. . Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Level. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). Quizlet ch3.pdf - 3/21/2021 Chapter 3: Computer Hardware The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? The last one was decommissioned in 1979. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. Types of Software used in Business - MBA Knowledge Base Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Computer Chp. 1&2 Flashcards The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. Term. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. "Best study app ever! While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. It has pre-programmed curricular material. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. Mid-Term Exam | Digital Literacy Quiz - Quizizz - Quizizz The world Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. What software was the first available for microcomputers? microprocessor/ processor. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . Description. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. Microsoft Apps Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The basic computer cost $28,500. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. When was the word "computer" first used? Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. According to an independent computer-industry analyst, the new Regent The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. Customers included US military as well as industry. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds.